In 1997, Kalam received India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, for his contribution to the scientific research and modernisation of defence technology in India. In his book India 2020, Kalam strongly advocated an action plan to develop India into a "knowledge superpower" and a develo...
Abdul Kalam was the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. A career scientist turned reluctant politician, Kalam was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, and studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at t...
Images Quizzes Explore India Quiz Related Questions What is A.P.J. Abdul Kalam known for? What organizations was A.P.J. Abdul Kalam associated with? When and how did A.P.J. Abdul Kalam enter politics? Which country had the most nuclear weapons? What are the oldest known civilizations ...