(3) protostome characters constitute a synapomorphy for triploblastic metazoans, and where absent they are secondarily lost, which means that protostome and deuterostome characters are irregularly distributed an
Furthermore, the absence of this replacement mode in the closest snake outgroups (Anguiformes and Iguania, sensu54), leads us to conclude that internal tooth resorption is a synapomorphy of Pan-Serpentes. Internal resorption can thus join the features characterizing snakes and can be used to ...
Our phylogenetic evidence indicates that the synapomorphy for Triodia, multiple florets with more than one being fertile, is likely plesiomorphic for the subtribe and there have been shifts to different states in Monodia (single floret) and Symplectrodia (multiple florets with one fertile). We...
Široký and Modrý (2006) suggested that species with such oocysts were probably a case of synapomorphy rather than a convergence, and actually represent a separate evolutionary lineage, the emergence of which predates the separation of continents. One species that exhibits these peculiar ...
The two recognized members of Embletonia share some characters with members of Fionoidea or Aeolidioidea, e.g., the reduction of the lateral teeth, the absence of rhinophoral sheaths [64], and the presence of a cnidosac at the end of the cerata, a synapomorphy of Aeolidida [18], ...
nov., for Micrelaps and assign Brachyophis to this family based on cranial osteological synapomorphy. We estimate that Elapoidea originated in the early Eocene and rapidly diversified into all the major lineages during this epoch. Ecological opportunities presented by the post-Cretaceous-Paleogene ...
The Euglenida is a large group of marine and freshwater flagellates that contains more than 1,000 described species with diverse modes of nutrition, including phagotrophy (bacterivory and eukaryovory), osmotrophy (sensu stricto) and phototrophy [8]. The best synapomorphy for this group of ...
bacati feeds on the rod shaped episymbiotic bacteria that grow over the host surface and into the subapical vestibulum. Extrusomes Tubular extrusomes are present in several members of the Euglenozoa [16, 19, 36] and constitute a synapomorphy for the group. Among the Symbiontida, C. aureus...
However, the point on the tree at which these shared character states arose is ambiguous. Chloranthoid teeth (CH36) are a plesiomorphic character widespread in basal eudicots12, and their loss is a synapomorphy of Proteales (modified to platanoid teeth in Platanaceae). However, Noto...
Kamuysaurus is basal to the clade of Laiyangosaurus and Kerberosaurus because these two taxa share an unambiguous synapomorphy (slightly bowed ventral margin, ventral to the coronoid process of the dentary). Figure 5 (a) A strict consensus tree of the most parsimonious trees obtained in this...