Nature has found a vast array of solu- tions for the transmission of force, such as in myocytes or adherent cells, but examples demonstrating nanomechanical force and motion transmission by synthetic machines are scarce and the motion occurs mostly stochastically46–49. To demonstrate that the nNE...
Deposition occurs higher up the estuary when the tide is high; conversely coarse material can be carried right through the estuary and deposited on the bar if the tide is ebbing. The main channels in the estuary are now restrained by rock training walls. Prior to their construction it is ...
The migration of overwintering garfish from the North Sea into the western Baltic Sea in spring is thought to be triggered by rising temperatures (Dorman, 1991). The spawning season of Atlantic B. belone is very short and occurs between May and June, depending on geographic location (Dorman,...
Thus, obtained protection levels were implemented in the flood inundation modelling by assuming that flooding occurs only when coastal water level exceeds the existing protection levels. In areas where we obtained unrealistic results, despite the above improvements, we followed the procedure in ref. 43...
A meteorological drought (normally measured in terms of rainfall deciles) occurs when the rainfall, over a period of time, is substantially below normal levels. An agricultural drought (measured, for example, by the moisture deficit in the top 200 mm of soil) occurs when the soil moisture, ...
Typhoon Bart generated a storm surge with a similar magnitude in 1999, producing a surge of approximately 3.5 m in Yatsushiro Bay [Kawai et al.,2009]. The timing of this surge event was unfortunate, as it occurred near the time of spring tide, enabling water to reach the roofs of sin...
In the first stage, approximately from 5000bcto 600bc, salt marshes were fully open to the sea and flooded regularly. Frequency was daily on the lowest parts and in the higher parts only occurred with spring tide or during winter storms (“Major physical and ecological processes associated with...
is California's largest state park and features striking scenery ranging from slot canyons to palm oases.Joshua Tree National Park, located about 130 miles east of Los Angeles, is an approximately 800,000-acre oasis dotted with the unique Joshua tree, which can only be found in the American ...
Burial of tar balls on beaches occurs as sediment transported onshore covers beached tar balls (Tsouk et al.1985; Bernabeu et al.2013). Manual removal of beached tars is effective but labor intensive. Mechanical methods such as those implemented in the DWH cleanup involve using beach equipment...
The tidal range at its mouth varies between a maximum spring tide of approximately 6.2 m and a minimum neap of ∼2.7 m. The observations discussed here are derived from samples taken on a fixed grid of stations in the Humber and the tidal Ouse at approximately monthly intervals over the ...