A numerical analysis is conducted on the interaction of a plane shock wave in water with a thin layer of lower density, which is perpendicular to the wave front. Parameters are defined for the perturbed flow structure and for large-scale precursors, which arise ahead of the shock front. ...
in which the shock wave propagates laterally within a thin layer of material confined between rigid walls13,14,15. The confined material layer is amply accessible for optical diagnostics, enabling the direct visualization of micro-shock waves. This approach is especially beneficial for studying sample...
first compression corner was found to enhance the transition to turbulence, leading to a fully turbulent boundary layer after the interaction. Further downstream, a large separation zone forms due to the cowl-lip shock wave impinging on the vehicle-side boundary layer. Perturbations from the vehicle...
The deflection angle of the ray at the center of the laser beam is analyzed to assess the aero-optical effects caused by the shock wave and boundary layer. The individual contribution of the shock wave and boundary layer to the wavefront distortion was analyzed for various incidence angles of...
Shock wave Hypersonic turbulent boundary layer Heat transfer Skin friction decomposition Direct numerical simulation 1. Introduction Understanding the physical phenomena associated with Shock wave and Turbulent Boundary Layer Interaction (STBLI) is of practical importance in the aeronautical and aerospace indust...
Dynamic failure in the laboratory is commonly preceded by many foreshocks which accompany premonitory aseismic slip. Aseismic slip is also thought to govern earthquake nucleation in nature, yet, foreshocks are rare. Here, we examine how heterogeneity due
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In bi-polar capacitors, an oxide layer is formed on both aluminum sheets, resulting in a device that’s effectively two capacitors connected in inverse series. Because the electrolyte is a fluid (except in the case of aluminum polymer capacitors, where it’s a conductive polymer material) it ...
Results showed that there is a noticeable difference between the bed layer characteristics over the so-called “concave” and “convex”-shaped morphologies on the bed particle surface with respect to layer formation. The concave areas are mainly covered with a thin inner layer, whilst the convex...
There is a transition layer, known as the “buffer layer” between viscous sublayer and log layer where viscous shear stress almost equals the Reynolds shear stress ([Math Processing Error]. The buffer layer is characterised by a high-level turbulent mixing due to turbulent production in this ...