This chapter will introduce the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm giving an overview of it. In order to formally present the mathematical formulation of PSO algorithm, the classical version will be used, that is, the inertial version; meanwhile
Finally, the spiral shrinking mechanism combined with the DE/best/2 position mutation is used in the later iteration, which further improves the solution accuracy. The structure of the paper is given as follows: Sect. “Particle swarm optimization (PSO)” describes the principle of the particle ...
11. Evaluation of biodiesel on speciated PM2.5, organic compound, ultrafine particle and gaseous emissions from a low-speed EPA Tier II marine diesel engine coupled with DPF, DEP and SCR filter at various loads 12. Selective emitter with core–shell nanosphere structure for thermophotovoltaic systems...
Our work motivates further thought to wave‒particle duality and facilitates the investigation of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics with the weak measurement method. Results Theoretical framework The schematic of the wave‒particle duality separation is shown in Fig. 1. First, through the wave...
Answer to: Find the speed of a particle whose total energy is 50% greater than its rest energy. By signing up, you'll get thousands of step-by-step...
The results reveal that the bed materials with greater size can hinder the particle mixing behaviors and make the biomass particles concentrate on the bed surface so as to increase the non-uniformity of temperature distribution in the bed. A good fluidization with smaller bed material particles is...
exercise:1. a particle moving along x axis starts from x0 with initial velocity v0. its acceleration can be expressed in
acoustic method acoustic nmr acousticon acousticpaint acoustic particle siz acoustic phase consta acoustic phase co tan acousticpickup acoustic pinger acoustic porosity acoustic position acoustic position ind acousticpositionrefer acoustic pressure acoustic pressure pul acoustic pre ure leve acoustic pre ure ...
It must be noted that the special case of SUI = 1 mainly applies for a homogeneous fluid which is either particle free or contains a particle size distribution where the majority of particles are small compared to the individual opening size. Therefore, we suggest a threshold for the ...
More broadly, activated energy models like epimerization cycles in polymer models18,19, or even achiral particle flow and fluid vortex suspensions are also known to induce spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking20,21. Indeed, energetic processes bear natural relevance to the origin of homochirality, as ...