Kotecki D, Siewert T (1992) WRC-1992 constitution diagram for stainless steel weld metals: a modification of the WRC-1988 diagram. Weld J 71(5):171–178 Google Scholar Zhang Z, Li B, Zhang W, Lu R, Wada S, Zhang Y (2020) Real-time penetration state monitoring using convolutional ne...
The higher alloy 309, 316, and 317 families have about 2 to 4 higher FN on this diagram. 3. Generally, this diagram correlates better with GTAW and GMAW weld metals because it allows for nitrogen pick-up. 4. The Schaeffler austenite-martensite boundary has been included here for reference....
During production of the clad pipe, at the diffusion bonding temperature, substantial material changes may occur. These are carbon diffusion from the carbon steel to the clad, followed by the formation of hard martensite at the interface on cooling. The solidification behavior and microstructure ...