Biotic factors are the living aspects of the ecosystem in which an organism lives and is a part of. Plants, which are theprimary producersin an ecosystem, are a biotic factor. The predators, or prey, of a given organism also are biotic factors. Biotic factors also include decomposers, which...
P. syringae has also been subdivided into more than 60 pathovars on the basis of host of isolation, host range and other properties. P. syringae attacks plants using a variety of virulence factors, including effector proteins that are translocated into the plant cell via the type III secretion...
The spatial distribution and the temporal variability in the movements of the brown meagre (Sciaena umbra) were investigated in theRéserve Naturelle Marine de Cerbère-Banyuls(RNMCB, Fig.1). The RNMCB is a French marine protected area located in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea. Established in...
Their expression may be a response of the plants to adapt to environmental changes or cope with biotic stresses. In addition, four individuals from Longling, Baoshan, cultivated in the Kunming Botanical Garden (KBG) have been able to flower and bear fruits normally, and the other eight plants...
(complete output and list of query sequences in Table S13).Desulfuromusasp. GH17 contained a homolog toT. ammonoficiansNSR-like protein (31.6% identity, 152 bitscore) as well as weak homologs toP. furiosusNSR (22–24% identity, 52–56 bitscore). However, these homologs did not contain...
T. ramosissima is a desert tree species widely distributed in Jingtai County, Gansu Province, and other arid regions; it has not been included in any list of endangered or protected species. Before collecting the samples, oral permission was obtained from the local management of forestry after se...
2). In particular, changes in the presence/absence of microbial species and strains and also in their relative proportions (i.e., ecological processes) can result from novel abiotic or biotic constraints. These ecological changes are likely able to effectively promote rapid adjustments of the ...
Hard red winter wheat cultivar ‘Duster’ (PI 644016) is now widely grown in the southern Great Plains following its release in 2006, due to its versatility in grain-only and dual-purpose systems and its resilience to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Duster showed the lowest fly intensities...
Supplementary Tables 1–4, a list of all included studies and the study protocol. Reporting Summary Rights and permissions Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medi...
(SNP) markers in a set of 337 flax (Linum usitatissimumL.) germplasm, phenotyped in five environments. We evaluated 14 prediction models and several factors affecting predictive ability based on cross-validation schemes. Models yielded significant variation among predictive ability values across traits...