Which of the following is the Lewis acid involved in forming the complex ion [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+? A) Cu2+. B) NH3. C) H3O+. D) None of the above. Lewis Acids and Bases: An acid base reaction can involve...
The theoretical background of OB relies on orbital expansion effects that reveal the chemical bonding nature between a Lewis acid-base pair. Generally, the oxygen behaves as Lewis’s base, whilst the metal ions as Lewis’s acids. The concept of OB pertains to the reactivity of oxygen atoms ...
Brønsted-Lowry Generalizes the Acid/Base Reaction A pair of chemists, Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted and Thomas Martin Lowry, independently introduced a more generalized conception of acids and bases in 1923. In their theory, an acid is a compound that donates a proton (H+) while a base is a...
1b)39,40. We found that 44.1% of the 12,339 BRD4-enriched enhancers had at least 1-base pair overlap with active enhancers in normal tissues and this number increases to 73.6% when compared to active enhancers across several cancer types. Of particular interest, we also identified ~6000 ...
Self-assembling peptides have shown unique hemostatic activities in in vitro and animal models [184,185,186]. One of the peptides is based on a 16-amino-acid self-assembling peptide, RADA16-I, consisting of an Arg-Ala-Asp-Ala motif repeated four times, and can be incorporated into common...
Plant responses to cold stress involve multiple levels of regulation, including metabolic changes, such as the accumulation of sugars and amino acids, and the CBF/DREB pathway [29,30]. CBF proteins bind to the c-repeat (CRT)cis-elements and activate cold-responsive (COR) gene transcription to...
The choice of method for introducing RNA depends on the experimental purpose. Although microinjection may be more technically difficult than other approaches, it may also yield rapid results using in vitro double-stranded RNA through polymerase chain reaction. The simultaneous inhibition of two or more...
involve denying patients standard of care. For this reason, future applications of high-dose VitC as cancer therapy may rather be in combination strategies and we will focus more on this application in the sections below. However, important lessons regarding administration frequency can be learned ...
Autonomous reaction network exploration algorithms offer a systematic approach to explore mechanisms of complex chemical processes. However, the resulting reaction networks are so vast that an exploration of all potentially accessible intermediates is co
The task of protein sequence design is central to nearly all rational protein engineering problems, and enormous effort has gone into the development of energy functions to guide design. Here, we investigate the capability of a deep neural network model