Thermodynamic extension of density-functional theory. I. Basic Massieu function, its Legendre and Massieu-Planck transforms for equilibrium state in terms ... A general formulation of the equilibrium state of a many-electron system in terms of a (mixed-state, ensemble) density matrix operator in...
Optical resolution of far-field optical microscopy is limited by the diffraction of light, while diverse light-matter interactions are used to push the limit. The image resolution limit depends on the type of optical microscopy; however, the current theo
Several recent breakthroughs, development trends, and potential multimodal uses in conjunction with other techniques are also presented. The primary goal of the review is to give the reader a general overview in the use of vectorial information that can be obtained by polarisation optics for ...
All other firms oppose the change if the additional bookkeeping costs justify the cost of lobbying. This prediction was tested using the corporate submissions to the FASB's Discussion. Memorandum on General Price Level Adjustments. The empirical results are consistent with the theory. 展开 关键词:...
This article proposes a general definition of emerging economies (EEs) and investigates the main determinants of their high rates of economic growth by extending the basic framework of neoclassical growth models to include various dimensions of economic development. According to the proposed definition, ...
4A). The stacked bar chart illustrated that the distribution of scores in the VS group was less polarized (Fig. 4B). As for the specific dimension-based results in examination (Fig. 4C), QE group scored significantly higher in “generation of strength” than VS group (3.97 ± 0.17 ...
The paper diagnoses informality, polarized health sector and governance, as critical limitations to the attainment of sustainable development in Kigali. It argues that urban development in post-conflict Kigali is deeply rooted in capitalist and neoliberal ideology, where the state functions as the ...
However, a general theory of trait-based ecology, that can apply across different scales (e.g. species that differ in size) and gradients (e.g. temperature), has yet to be formulated. While research focused on metabolic and allometric scaling theory provides the basis for such a theory, ...
The MEM relies on information theory (in statistics) and provides the most probable ODF that is consistent with a set of few known 〈Pl〉 values27,32,40,41. One estimates the equilibrium ODF and thus the entire range of 〈Pl〉 parameters by maximizing the information entropy defined as: ...
The detection of faint magnetic fields from single-electron and nuclear spins at the atomic scale is a long-standing challenge in physics. While current mobile quantum sensors achieve single-electron spin sensitivity, atomic spatial resolution remains el