Herein, ηc is the Carnot efficiency defined by \(\frac{{\rm{\Delta }}T}{T}\) and ZT|ch/sp is the figure of merit, a dimensionless quantity, defined as- $$ZT{|}_{ch}=\frac{{G}_{ch}{S}_{ch}^{2}T}{{\mathscr{K}}-{G}_{ch}{S}_{ch}^{2}T},$$ (18) $$ZT{|...
The quantity \(\widetilde{PF}=S^2G\) is the full dimensional power factor63. These quantities ZT and PF do not depend on the sign of \(\epsilon\), only on its absolute value. Figure 9 (a) Dimensionless electrical conductance, (b) thermal conductivity divided by temperature in units of...
Total quantity v Vapor VDB Vapor Distribution Box Dimensionless Numbers Br Brinkmann number – Ma=ua Mach number – Pr=να Prandtl number – Prt=νtαt Turbulent Prandtl number – 1. Introduction Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) is a coating technique commonly used in the automotive [1], [2...
Since 𝑡∗𝑖ti* is a relative dimensionless quantity, it characterizes the TEM as a whole: 𝑡𝑚𝑏𝑖timb = 𝑡∗𝑖ti*. However, to find the conductivity, 𝜅𝑚𝑏κmb, and diffusion permeability of the membrane, we have to take into account that it contains, together ...
As mentioned above, α is a dimensionless quantity. Note that hereinafter the scaling parameters of [Math Processing Error]m~ are dropped to simplify the notations. All the numerical models and real data examples shown here are inverted and analyzed by the logarithmic minimization formulation ...
Fig. 17. Example of a Probability Density function of dimensionless film thickness. This shows how the complex shape can be divided between a Gaussian curve representing the base film and the ripple on it and a second, not necessarily Gaussian, curve representing the waves. These two distribution...
Tan δ and dissipation factor are calculated as ESR/XC and are essentially the same figure, though it should be noted that dissipation factor is usually expressed as a percentage, rather than as a simple dimensionless factor. Q is simply the reciprocal of Tan δ, or XC/ESR. Figure 2: A ...
It is worth pointing out that dimensionless parameters x and y give a measure of the ratio between the girder stiffness and the stay-curtains one, when deck bending is considered in planes (y, z) and (x, z), respectively. Analogously, τ measures the ratio between the torsional deck ...
CWC, expressed as the quantity of water per unit area of ground surface, is widely utilized to monitor vegetation water conditions [27, 28] and is determined not only by vegetation water status but also by crop growth and development stages [15]. Multi-scale and real-time monitoring of ...
Removal of any record whose refractive index has an extreme value. Since refractive index is a dimensionless quantity, numbers (e.g. years and concentration fractions) that appear within the text or tables might be extracted and assigned erroneously to a refractive index. This filter mitigates such...