Additionally, the granzyme-mediated cleavage of GSDMB by natural killer/cytotoxic T lymphocytes can lead to tumor pyroptosis through pore formation activity [20, 21]. Fig. 1 Diagram illustrating the cellular pathway of pyroptosis Full size image The GSDM family, consisting of GSDMA, GSDMB (absent...
Bacterial metabolosomes are a family of protein organelles in bacteria. Elucidating how thousands of proteins self-assemble to form functional metabolosomes is essential for understanding their significance in cellular metabolism and pathogenesis. Here w
Schematic diagram of cell-based therapy and cell-free therapy for heart repair and cardiac function improvement after MI. In cell-based therapies, cell differentiation and trans-differentiation are introduced. Among them, iPSC-CMs and ESC-CMs obtained through in vitro differentiation were transplanted ...
a A schematic diagram displaying the artificial division of the three compartments (cortex, medulla, and pelvis regions) of the kidney based on histomorphology. t-SNE shows the cell types identified with all the single cells, and colors indicate the 15 spatial clustering assignments; b Multimodal...
Consult any cell diagram, and no matter what organism the cell belongs to, you are assured of seeing certain features. These include aplasma membrane, which encloses the cellular contents; thecytoplasm, which is a jelly-like medium forming most of the cell's interior; deoxyribonucleic acid (DN...
Fig. 3. Timeline diagram depicting essential discoveries in the field of cuproptosis research. Download: Download high-res image (245KB) Download: Download full-size image Fig. 4. Core mechanisms of cuproptosis. The uptake of Cu2+ into cells through SLC31A1 or copper ionophores binds selectiv...
The physicochemical properties of the topsoil-litter samples were determined (Eurofins Agro BV, Wageningen, NL) and are presented in Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S13. A workflow diagram of the experiments is depicted in Fig. 7. Fig. 7 Workflow diagram of the experimental design. a13...
Death is the inevitable fate of all living organisms, whether at the individual or cellular level. For a long time, cell death was believed to be an undesirable but unavoidable final outcome of nonfunctioning cells, as inflammation was inevitably trigger
aSchematic diagram of the method for chromosomal truncation.bTetrad analysis of heterozygous diploid strains with differentchrXIILtruncations.cFitness tests of strains carryingyll002wandyll006wdeletion. WT: BY4742.dTetrad analysis of heterozygous diploid strains with onechrXIILremoved.YLL002W(green) andY...
Cells have to shift growth to biomass reorganization in order to cope with the strongly reduced availability of ATP, and readjust their metabolic fluxes from cellular respiration to fermentation. The extent of such readjustment is certainly an important issue in facultative anaerobe yeasts with ...