There is a negative association between the Gini index, which measures income inequality within an economy, and the distance to frontier score, which measures the quality and efficiency of business regulation when the data are compared over time (figure 1.8). Data across multiple years and economie...
Another concern is that these findings might be confounded with cohort effects, meaning that value divergence has resulted in changes in the WVS sampling strategy over time. If the cohorts of the WVS are becoming increasingly diverse, then the mean level of value distinctiveness would rise even if...
trust with time dummies. Sample includes data for only 50 countries (that have trust indicators from the World Values Survey). Models with additional controls (Gini coefficient, income level and the other type of trust) and continuous trust moderators are available in Supplementary Tables3a–d,i....
POLICY ST Civil liberties (seven-category scale, 1 representing the most free and 7 the least free countries) SB T = 1 (min of all countries), U = 3 (most developing countries range over [3,7], 3 being their best value) POLICY ST Gini index (value in [0, 100], 0 representing ...
Construction: top-down, chooses a variable to split the data such that the target variables within each region are as homogeneous as possible. Two common metrics: gini impurity or information gain, won't matter much in practice. Advantage: simply to understand & interpret, mirrors human decision...
In a WEF research report earlier this month, which focuses on epidemics like H1N1 in 2009, MERS in 2012, and Zika in 2016, and traces out their distributional effects in the five years following each event, the Gini coefficient, a commonly-used index of inequality, has gone up by nearly ...
24 The Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income or consumption expenditure among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. 25 Data from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Est...
Specialisation measures (absolute and relative Gini index) calculated with employment and export data disaggregated into 17 manufacturing industries Full size image Fig. 2 Evolution of absolute and relative overall manufacturing specialisation along the development path—USA (1980–2000). Specialisation ...
The Gini index, or Gini co-efficient, measuresincomedistribution across a population. Developed by Italian statistician Corrado Gini in 1912, it often serves as a gauge ofeconomic inequality, measuring income distribution or, less commonly, wealth distribution among a population.12 The co-efficient r...
The Gini index is often represented graphically through theLorenz curve, as depicted below, which shows income (or wealth) distribution by plotting the population percentile by income on the horizontal axis and cumulative income on the vertical axis. The Gini coefficient is equal to the area below...