atmosphere effectIt is frequently stated in textbooks and scholarly articles that the surface temperature of Earth is 33°C warmer than it would be without the atmosphere and that this difference is due to the greenhouse effect. This Forum shows that the atmosphere effect leads to warming of ...
While air is crucial for the survival of living organisms, providing the necessary oxygen for respiration and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, the atmosphere plays a broader role. It protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention (greenhouse...
The troposphere, the bottommost layer of Earth’s atmosphere, is the densest of the five atmospheric layers and extends from ground level up to about 10 kilometers in altitude. This is the layer where humans live and breathe, as it contains the air we depend on for survival. The tropospher...
Petroleum, also called crude oil, is a naturally occurring liquid found beneath the earth’s surface that can be refined into fuel. A fossil fuel, petroleum is created by the decomposition of organic matter over time and used as fuel to power vehicles, heating units, and machines, and can ...
1884 volcanic eruption of Krakatoa, a tremendous cloud of ash and dust was injected into the stratosphere (5 to 30 miles above the Earth's surface); this aerosol cloud caused both the moon and sun appear blue from many locations in the Northern Hemisphere for many months after the explosion...
The IPCC has also highlighted the importance of such restoration schemes to contribute to removing net CO2 from the atmosphere, restoring ecosystem services and delivering sustainable biomass for (advanced) applications. Ref. [4] includes an insight stating that a land surface the size of India is...
In particular, ZnO nanoparticles, obtained by the method of arc discharge in a controlled atmosphere, were functionalized with APTES, mixed with Pinus radiata-derived tannin and an epoxy resin to obtain the functional hybrid epoxy. Subsequently, the obtained formulation was deposited on ASTM A36 ...
Why does the moon turn red during an eclipse? During a total lunar eclipse, the lunar surface turns a rusty red color, earning the nickname "blood moon". The eerie red appearance is caused by sunlight interacting withEarth's atmosphere. ...
Hurricanes are the most violent storms on Earth, according to NASA. At heart, hurricanes are fueled by just two ingredients: heat and water. Hurricanes are seeded over the warm waters above the equator, where the air above the ocean's surface takes in heat and moisture. As the hot air ri...
the amount of water in our atmosphere is over 10 times as much as the water in all the rivers taken together. The fresh water actually available for human use in lakes and rivers and the accessible ground water amount to only about one—third of 1% of the world' s total water supply....