GH exerts some of its effects by binding to receptors on target cells, where it activates the MAPK/ERK pathway. Through this mechanism GH directly stimulates division and multiplication of chondrocytesof cartilage.
In both of these cell types, Mos activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which seems largely to mediate its different functions in both oocyte maturation and cellular transformation. In oocyte maturation, the Mos-MAPK pathway probably serves to activate and stabilize M-phase promoting ...
eukaryotic gene regulation: \\ Transcription factors are sometimes activated by phosphorylation as in the MAPK pathway. Explain how this links an extracellular hormone signal to eukaryotic gene transcription. Be specific. Which transcription factor becomes translocated to the nucleus downstream of calmodulin...
is an important determinant of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, and disorder in extraintestinal organs. The mucus layer has attracted the attention of the scientific community in recent years, and with the discovery of new mucosal components, it has become...
K-ras, derived from the Kirsten rat sarcoma virus, is a protein that can act as a GTPase to mediate cell signal mechanisms to activate the RAS/MAPK pathway. This protein belongs to the p21 group of proteins. It mainly helps in signaling for cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation...
Which of these is a logical signal-transduction pathway? (a) An intracellular receptor activates phospholipase C, which cleaves a membrane protein to form IP3, which then activates the opening of an ER channel protein, which releases cyclic AMP into ...
Crocin exhibits an antihypertensive effect in a rat model of gestational hypertension and activates the Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Hypertens Res. 2021;44:642–50. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Chappell LC, Brocklehurst P, Green ME, Hunter R, Hardy P, Juszczak E, et al. Planned ...
Ihh is a protein from the evolutionary highly conserved Hedgehog family (Indian, Desert and Sonic Hedgehog), produced by pre-hypertrophic and early hypertrophic chondrocytes. It binds and thus, inactivates its cell-surface receptor Patched-1 (PTC-1), leading to the activation (or rather, un-inh...
Recently, it has also been demonstrated that H2O2 activates the Sty1 (stress-activated MAP kinase) pathway in Schizosaccharomyces pombe in a dose-dependent manner, via two sensing mechanisms [22]. At low H2O2 levels, Sty1 is regulated by a two-component signaling pathway that feeds into either...
The stress-activated p38 MAPK pathway is inhibited by TTCC gene silencing but activated by TTCC blockers TTCCs and the AKT pathway: A third positive feedback mechanism favoring tumor progression and chemoresistance TTCC blocker mibefradil activates the p53–p21 pathway to induce cell cycle arrest and...