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remodeling. Generally, signaling is initiated with the phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic Smad signaling molecules, which results in their translocation to the nucleus where they modulate transcription. TGF-βs are often overexpressed in many disease states such as fibrosis, inflammation, and cancer. ...
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Recombinant Human BMP-4 Induces Alkaline Phosphatase Production.The ATDC5 mouse chondrogenic cell line was treated with increasing concentrations ofE. coli-expressedRecombinant Human BMP-4(R&D Systems, Catalog # 314-BPE) and alkaline phosphatase production was assessed. The ED50for this effect is 6-...
beta binds its Receptor Type II which then phosphorylates the TGF beta Receptor Type I. The activated Receptor I can then phosphorylate various SMAD molecules which accumulate in the nucleus and act as transcription factors. The TGF beta is also involved in inflammation, immunity and cancer ...
[2]. Laverty HG, et al. TGF-beta3 and cancer: a review. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2009 Aug;20(4):305-17. [3]. Toshihiko Komai, et al. Reevaluation of Pluripotent Cytokine TGF-β3 in Immunity. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Aug 1;19(8):2261. ...
tumor inhibiting factor. TGF-beta is a tumor suppressor factor that is essential for screening cells and maintaining their normal growth. However, at some point, its function can become out of control and become a tumor promoting factor, cultivating aggressive cell growth and promoting cancer ...
Find out more about: Canonical/SMAD - Dependent TGF-β Signaling Non-canonical/ SMAD - Independent TGF-β Signaling Contextual TGF-β Signaling in Cancer and Normal Cells Direct Target Genes of TGF-β Signaling Small Molecule Inhibitors of TGF-β Signaling...
[2]. Laverty HG, et al. TGF-beta3 and cancer: a review. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2009 Aug;20(4):305-17. [3]. Toshihiko Komai, et al. Reevaluation of Pluripotent Cytokine TGF-β3 in Immunity. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Aug 1;19(8):2261. ...