Teacher characteristics are not included in the model. The factors at class level interact with each other, as well as with the factors at student level. They all have an influence on the outcomes at student level and are influenced by the higher levels. In contrast to student-level factors...
teacher, especially considering there are many students solving the same exercises at the same lesson. In a large class, it becomes very difficult for a teacher to provide meaningful feedback with sufficient speed; waiting for teacher’s feedback, some students can figure out the solution ...