Most trainers used 800 m ( mile) oval, crusher dust ("all-weather") or sand tracks, with most public trainers using tracks with banked corners (88% vs. 59%, P < .01) and recording the times of horse workouts (79% vs. 45%, P < .01). The cross-section of trainers surveyed ...
Responses to the 9 PGSI items were on a four-point scale (0 = never, 1 = some- times, 2 = most of the time, 3 = almost always). For the purposes of this study, the PGSI items were recoded to indicate the presence of harm (yes = scores 1–3) or the absence of harm (no ...