The multifaceted function of formins as effector proteins of Rho GTPases thus reflects the diversity of the actin cytoskeleton in cells.doi:10.4161/sgtp.29513Kühn, SonjaGeyer, MatthiasTaylor & FrancisSmall GtpasesKu¨hn, S. & Geyer, M. Formins as effector proteins of Rho GTPases. Small...
Rho GTPases are well known to regulate actin dynamics. They activate two types of actin nucleators, WASP/WAVE proteins and Diaphanous-related formins (DRFs... AJ Ridley - 《Trends in Cell Biology》 被引量: 1771发表: 2006年 The role of the Rho GTPases in neuronal development Our brain ...
Rho GTPases exert their function by binding to and modulating the activity of an array of downstream effectors. Here, the manner in which Rho GTPases activate some of their most relevant targets in terms of actin cytoskeleton control will be described (Table 1). Table 1. Rho GTPase, downst...
Figure 7. The Diaphanous-Related Formins (DRFs) Bridge Rho GTPases and Src Both Src and Rho participate in cell regulatory events in response to growth factor stimulation. LPA, for example, activates signals that are mediated by the direct interaction of GPCRs and Rho GEFs that lead to chan...
RHOGEFs bind to the GDP-bound form RHO GTPase and induce the exchange of GDP for GTP to activate RHO. Subsequently, the conformation of RHO GTPases changes, which allows them to interact with their specific effectors and triggers biological effects such as cell migration, polarity and ...
A subclass of formins, the Diaphanous-related formins (Drfs), contains an N-terminal Rho GTPase-binding domain. Bind- ing of Rho GTPases releases autoinhibitory interactions, thereby activating Drf. The formin family appears to be expanded in plants compared to animals; the Arabidopsis genome ...
RhoGTPases regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, migration and cell-cell adhesion in endothelial cells. Besides regulation at the level of guanine nucleotide binding, they also undergo post-translational modifications, for example ubiquitination. RhoGTPases ar
ithasalsobecomeapparentthatntegrinsregulateRhoGTPasesandviceversa.IntegrinsandGTPasesightthereforebeorganizedintocomplexsignalingcascadesthategulatecellbehavior.discussed,andthesignificanceoftheseinteractionsforanchorage-dependentTHERHOFAMILYGTPases,particularlybeinducedbyavarietyofmitogens,cellfunctionswillbeconsidered....
These mutant proteins compete with endogenous Rho family members for the nucleotide exchange proteins that activate the wild-type Rho family proteins. Therefore, there are lower levels of functional activated GTP-bound Rho family proteins in cells expressing these mutants. In contrast, RhoAV14, Rac1...
In nature, biased agonism was shown to exist for the chemokine receptor CCR7, for which one naturally occurring ligand can activate both G protein and β-arrestin signalling, while another ligand activates only G protein signalling. Thus far, biased agonism between G protein and β-arrestin ...