这需要满足卡夫曼可控性判据(Kalman’s criterion of controllability):最近,有学者在结构控制框架的基础上提出了非线性系统结构可达性(structural accessibility)的概念[151-152],并将其适用于一般非线性系统:动力学假设的条件不严,要求f(x(t))和g...
In this Perspective, we first summarize the main aspects of such a programme using modern concepts and tools of statistical physics and applied mathematics. We then provide an overview of some promising scientific perspectives that might clarify the science behind the climate crisis and that stem ...
Real-world networks often consist of millions of heterogenous elements that interact at multiple timescales and length scales. The fields of statistical physics and control theory both contribute different perspectives for understanding, modelling and co
Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process in the universe, in which magnetic field energy is converted into plasma kinetic energy associated with a topological change in the magnetic field. Magnetic reconnections have been extensively investigated in space in the form of solar terrestrial plasmas, ...
Appendix 1: Euler–Lagrange equations for magnetic field lines In Sect. 2 it has been shown that the Euler–Lagrange equations yield the equations defining the magnetic field lines when the Lagrangian of the magnetic system is used. In this appendix we explicitly derive the magnetic field line ...
This Technical Review encapsulates the methods and numerical techniques that have been so successfully used over the years to study the electron scattering of atoms and molecules. In the past few decades, these approaches have also proven effective in tr
Radiocarbon dating uses the decay of a radioactive isotope of carbon (14C) to measure time and date objects containing carbon-bearing material. With a half-life of 5,700 ± 30 years, detection of 14C is a useful tool for determining the age of a
Real-world networks often consist of millions of heterogenous elements that interact at multiple timescales and length scales. The fields of statistical physics and control theory both contribute different perspectives for understanding, modelling and co
Viral capsids are often regarded as inert structural units, but in actuality they display fascinating dynamics during different stages of their life cycle. With the advent of single-particle approaches and high-resolution techniques, it is now possible t
Alloy modelling has a history of machine-learning-like approaches, preceding the tide of data-science-inspired work. The dawn of computational databases has made the integration of analysis, prediction and discovery the key theme in accelerated alloy research. Advances in machine-learning methods and...