Direct observation of the state of 23Na' ions in intact cells and tissues by noninvasive NMR spectroscopy: intracellular Na+ ions in human normal and leukemic lymphocytes. In Ions, Cell Proliferation, and Cancer. A. L. Boynton, W. L. McKeehan, and J. F. Whitfield, editors. Academic ...
Cation/proton antiporters (CPAs), which include Na+/H+ exchangers, are evolutionarily ancient transporters present in most species from prokaryotes to higher eukaryotes. Many of them are expressed in epithelial cells or various organs, where they utilize
By virtue of the applied periodic boundary conditions, the coordinates of an ion exiting the simulation box from the top (bottom) are wrapped around to re-enter the box from the bottom (top) in the output trajectory produced by Anton. However, unwrapped z coordinates must be used to ...
The Na+/K+-ATPase is an integral membrane protein that spans the entirety plasma membrane of all animal cells. It exchanges three Na+ ions out of the cell for two K+ ions into the cell using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis1. The Na+/K+-ATPase activity is important for many cellula...
Chapter 4 The Direct Measurement of K, Cl, Na, and H Ions in Bullfrog Tubule CellsThis chapter describes the measurement of some of the intracellular ionic activities of Na + , K + , Cl - , HCO 3 - , and pH in the tubular lumen, cell, and surrounding interstitium in the proximal ...
Release of charged neurotransmitter molecules through a narrow fusion pore requires charge compensation by other ions. It has been proposed that this may occur by ion flow from the cytosol through channels in the vesicle membrane, which would generate a net outward current. This hypothesis was teste...
FGF acidic, also known as FGF1, ECGF, and HBGF-1, is a 17 kDa nonglycosylated member of the FGF family of mitogenic peptides. FGF acidic, which is produced by multiple cell types, stimulates the proliferation of all cells of mesodermal origin and many cells of neuroectodermal, ectodermal,...
“edge cells” when, in a bright field, they showed a typical phenotype characterized by digitiform and lamellipodia-like structures polarized towards the wound healing but they did not yet enter inside the scratch (seeFigure 1a). “Extra” cells were classified as cells that did not enter ...
coli cells was carried out as follows: the mannose-functionalized nanoparticles (30 mg) were added to PBS buffer (10 mM, pH 7.4) containing 1 mM Mn2+ and 1 mM Ca2+ and the E. coli cells. After incubation for 2 h at 4 ◦C with gentle shaking, the samples were separated by ...
In a nerve cell, an electrochemical gradient shifting causes the firing of a signal from a neuron. These signals are part of a controlled firing when the disturbance of this gradient by another cells signal causes a cascade of neurons to fire....