lepton - an elementary particle that participates in weak interactions; has a baryon number of 0 photoelectron - an electron that is emitted from an atom or molecule by an incident photon valence electron - an electron in the outer shell of an atom which can combine with other atoms to form...
electron paramagnetic resonancebonding parametersWe show that if the photon possesses a tiny but non-vanishing mass, the universe cannot be electrically neutral. A cosmological electric asymmetry could be generated either at an early stage by the different evaporation rates of the primordial black holes...
On the Problem of Covariance in Quantum Electrodynamics, I It is well known that, in quantum electrodynamics, there exist the divergence difficulties of mass type and vacuum polarization type. In the problem of self stress of electron, these two types of divergence constructed their respective d....
Learn the definition of an atom, what atoms contain, the nucleus in the middle of an atom, what atoms look like, and examples of atoms. Related to this QuestionHow does the mass of a nucleon compare with the mass of an electron ow does the mass of a nucleon compare with th...
MASS OF ORBIT OF GRAVITON AND PHOTON, AND MASS OF ORBIT OF ATOM PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a knowledge for grasping the fact that the love of a proton and that of an electron have mass by understanding what the graviton is, what the mass is, what the orbit and the mass of a...
The momentum of light in a transparent material has remained a subject of an extensive scientific controversy for more than a century. The controversy has culminated in the difficulty to establish an unambiguous expression for the photon momentum and in particular in formulating a consistent theory to...
Treats the propagation of longitudinal electric waves in a cold plasma, which can occur if the photon has a nonzero rest mass. R Burman - 《Journal of Physics A General Physics》 被引量: 8发表: 1972年 A photon rest mass and the absorption of longitudinal electric waves in interstellar spac...
The electronic mass is rest mass and the sum with the exercise mass. Most of the electronic mass are formed of exercise mass. Rest mass is only several percent. The electric charge of a proton and the neutron. An electron of the inside does the action of the electric charge. The ...
Ionization suppression and electron localization have been observed in numerical modeling of two-photon ionization by very intense short-wavelength laser f... Q Su,JH Eberly - 《Physical Review A》 被引量: 102发表: 1991年 Electric field of a pointlike charge in a strong magnetic field and gro...
The essence of the ponderomotive formulation is presented in a physically intuitive and mathematically simple form. The formalism is applied to the problem of electron acceleration after above-threshold ionization in relativistic laser fields [S.X. Hu and A.F. Starace, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, art...