Thus, LCC can help manufacturers in making cost-effective decisions in different stages of a product´s life cycle. When applied in the early stages of a product´s design and development, LCC can help in saving 70–85% of the total product cost[23]. Over the years, many LCC techniqu...
The slight decrease in value, compared to the healthy network, is due to the cryptographic overhead of the NTRUEncrypt algorithm. 5.2. Instantaneous Goodput 5.2.1. Healthy Network Figure 15 shows that goodput increases with a notable trend after every 20–30 s. The system takes the first 9 ...
The system boundary of the LCA study was cradle-to-grave where the functional unit was set as 0.18 kg of a lightweight part which is made up of Ti- 6Al-4V alloy. The authors have found that the total build height is a critical factor that significantly influences the EBM environmental ...
Activity based costing assigns overhead and indirect costs related to each component manufacturing process [28]. The key manufacturing components required to build the stack are: catalyst coated membrane (CCM), porous transport layer (PTL), seal/frame, bipolar plates (BP), and stack assembly (SA...
However, when comparing the cost of AM to other production processes, energy consumption is a crucial element, particularly when assessing the expenditures from cradle to grave. It can be observed that research on energy usage in AM often only looks at the energy used by the system itself and...