1 Unnatural causes contribute greatly,2 but chronic physical health conditions also play a substantial role.3,4 Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption have also been associated with decreased lifespans5,6 and the comorbidity between psychiatric disorders and substance use behaviors is high.7 Given ...
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common disease defined by sadness and a loss of interest or pleasure in activities. Depression treatments include therapy and antidepressant medication. Most available antidepressants affect the same types of chemicals that communicate in the brain (neurotransmitters) ...
Chaves G, Stanley J, Pourmand N (2019) Mutant Huntingtin affects diabetes and Alzheimer’s markers in human and cell models of Huntington’s disease. Cells 8:E962. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8090962 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Chen C-M, Wu Y-R, Cheng M-L et al (2007) Incr...
Parkinson’s disease major histocompatibility complex immune response inflammation reaction 1. Introduction Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and the intraneuronal aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn). There are some ris...
Memantine is a low- to moderate-affinity uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist that is approved as a symptomatic treatment for Alzheimer's disease dementia by the FDA, TPD, EMA, TGA, and Japan's Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) [86–88]. In a meta- analysis of 11 double-...
c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) Signaling as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Pharm. 2015, 6, 321. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version] Carling, D. The AMP-activated protein kinase cascade--a unifying system for energy control. Trends. Biochem. Sci. ...