making sure the extracellular fluids don’t become too diluted or concentrated. Osmolarity is key for proper fluid transportation because it’s a mechanism that allows extracellular fluids to pass across one membrane into another.
it prevents the elongation of filaments beyond a critical length at which they would easily buckle under load6,19,20. Second, it rapidly stops the non-productive elongation of filaments distant from the cell membrane. This generates a requirement for continuous nucleation of new filament...
This suggests that a fine balance between HIF and AMPK is important to maintain optimal oxidative stress resistance to regulate lifespan in C. elegans. AMPK signaling can activate effector proteins that are known to alleviate aging phenotypes such as SIRT1. Direct phosphorylation of SIRT1 by AMPK...
During infection in the skin, alginate binds with macrophage receptors to activate macrophage-like cells (RAW264.7) through the NF-κB pathway [223]. 5.4. Fibroin Fibroin induces cell proliferation and differentiation by activating intracellular pathways. Fibroin is recognized by the cellular receptors ...