So a Greek woman who was a philosopher was still a φιλόσοφος. But a "friend" who is a φίλος, phílos, is male, while a female "friend" (or "beloved") is a φίλη, phílē. A striking example of this grammar was the patron goddess of Athens, Ἀθ...
McEvilley (2002) comments that the Greek philosopher Empedocles (5th-c. BCE) wrote of gods being exiled for ten thousand years for the crime of murder or lying under oath. The fallen deity was believed to reincarnate into every creature of land, air, and sea, and when their long punishme...
Plato, Phaedo 112e (trans. Lamb) (Greek philosopher C4th B.C.) : "Now when the dead have come to the place where each is led by his genius (daimon) [i.e. by Plato's equivalent of Hermes, Guide of the Dead], first they are judged and sentenced [i.e. by the Judges of the ...
To these we have to add a few other references in Plato and Aristotle; a long fragment from the Platonic philosopher Heraclides Ponticus, containing some interesting quotations from earlier poets; a number of detached observations collected in the nineteenth section of the Aristotelian Problems; and...