Globalization has positive and negative externalities (Stallings,2007). Positive effects include increased cooperation across borders, trade-led economic growth, greater labor mobility and opportunity, and positive knowledge and technological spillovers (Obstfeld & Taylor,2004; Prakash-Mani, Thorpe, & Zollin...
11. Daily precipitation extremes are included with an interaction with the monthly average temperature level (having also tested alternative interactions with the monthly share of annual precipitation). Both positive (excess wet) and negative (excess dry) SPEI threshold exceedance are used. For the fo...
These large positive or negative values primarily stem from shifts in population dynamics which were recorded as being at 0.0001 in 1999 and decreased to -0.00002 by 2019. Meanwhile, high-LUE countries were predominantly located within Africa back in 1990; however, by 2019, high-LUE countries ...
when the 90% CI included both substantial positive and negative values (ie, values greater and less than 10% and −9%, respectively).43Publication bias was assessed with a scatter plot of the random-effect solution (τ) against the log of the factor standard error for each study estimate...
Typically refers to a current that reverses its direction at regularly recurring intervals of time and that has alternately positive and negative values. Almost all electricity utilities generate AC electricity because it can easily be transformed to higher or lower voltages Alternating current ...
For most markets the skewness coefficients are positive and imply that the return distributions are skewed to the right. However, India and Pakistan exhibit negative skewness coefficients in both the whole and the pre-crisis periods, and Indonesia, Taiwan and South Korea in the post-crisis period...
economic growth was found to have a negative impact on CO2emissions in the high-income panel, while it exerts positive effects on the subject in the full, upper-middle-income, lower-middle-income, and low-income groups. Similarly, energy consumption, with no exceptions, was found to have a...
In turn, the positive contribution of capital intensity offset the negative influence of labor reallocation. Finally, relatively stable capital intensity masks substantial changes in structure (see, e.g., Berezinskaya, 2017). While before 2008, machinery provided the lion's share of growth, after ...
North Atlantic with weak or no long-term trends in wave heights correspond to weak or negative changes for WP in our results. In these regions, where the contribution of swells from other ocean sub-basins are negligible45, these results indicate less energy transference from the atmosphere to ...
M. Positive versus negative effects of an invasive ecosystem engineer on different components of a marine ecosystem. Oikos 122, 816–824 (2013). Article Google Scholar Gallucci, F., Hutchings, P., Gribben, P. & Fonseca, G. Habitat alteration and community-level effects of an invasive ...