The previously described PCR method was used for the verification of mycoplasma contamination. Cell culture supernatants (100 μL) were collected for DNA extraction by the phenol-chloroform method. A pair of previously reported primers (PPLO-F: 5′-TTACGCAAGAGAATGCTTCA-3′, PPLO-R: 5′-TAG...
Sera collected from the flock can be tested for the presence of antibodies using the serum plate agglutination test (SPA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and, rarely, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) [15,16]. The culture method requires the use of PPLO broth and is expensive and ...
C. lanceolata PEMs consist of a clump of rounded densely cytoplasmic cells with several highly vacuolated cells [31]. In general, PEMs are transferred to the solid SE induction medium and induced to form somatic embryos [14]. However, this solid induction method is not suitable for large-sca...
Considering that vaporizing the bacterial solution into finely atomized particles increases the chance of APP reaching the alveoli [1], the infection dose was kept to low levels to avoid the induction of a per-acute form. The endpoints where chosen to compare acute and subclinical phase of ...