The surface force per unit area exerted at the top of a wellbore when it is closed at either the Christmas tree or the BOP stack. 当采油树或防喷器组关闭时,施加在井口单位面积上的力称之为为关井压力。 www.infopetro.com.cn 2. Pressure is an expression of the force required to stop a ...
Height Effect: Theheightof the table had a significant effect on FTR (Grasp:F2,504 = 4.13,p = 0.017;Lift:F2,490 = 4.28,p = 0.014). More force was applied per unit time at the lowest table height for both groups. In the control group, during both phases, the FTR...
Therefore, by using the so-called Haskind relation, it is possible to relate the hydrodynamic damping with the complex amplitude of the excitation force per unit incident wave amplitude. This relation can be written in the form (2.42)R=ωk4kρg2DkhA2∫−ππFˆeβFˆe*β, where ...
Note that the capillary force per unit length f is identical to the impregnation criterion (2.60)f=γcosθ=I. For f>0, the liquid goes up in the tube, and for f<0, the liquid goes down. Note that Figure 2.50 is not quite exact. There are also capillary forces on the outside of...
The simulation is simplified: it assumes a constant unit time step Δt = 1 for each step, and a constant unit mass m = 1 for all particles. As a result, a force F acting on a particle is equivalent to a constant acceleration a over the time interval Δt, and can be simulated ...
force (per unit length) required to remove a droplet (see later discussions in Eqs. (6)–(8)). However, despite recent progress57,58,59,60,61, there is no complete theoretical model that relatesθand Δθ(or\({{\Delta }}\cos \theta\)) to the surface physical properties, such as ...
The simulation is simplified: it assumes a constant unit time step Δt = 1 for each step, and a constant unit mass m = 1 for all particles. As a result, a force F acting on a particle is equivalent to a constant acceleration a over the time interval Δt, and can be simulated ...
Roth, magnitudes of twining force (axial tensions) were, on average, less at a particular time and location on the more slender poles; while twining loads (normal force per unit length of vine) were much greater on the slender poles because of the greater curvature of the vines. Thus, ...
The flow rate, i.e., the volume of fluid passing through the pipe per unit time, is: Q=∫0a|w(r)|2πrdr By simple calculation: (3.9)Q=πa48μPL and the average velocity of the flow is: (3.10)w¯=Qπa2=a28μPL (3) Reynolds ’ Number The flow pattern described in the abov...
The crack growth process can be either gradual, stable crack growth (cutting), or sudden, unstable crack growth (rupture), depending on the local properties of the tissue, such as rupture toughness (i.e. the work required to cut the tissue, per unit cross-section area), and on the amoun...