The fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence‑smokeless tobacco (FTND‑ST). Addict Behav 2006;31:1716‑21.Ebbert JO, Patten CA, Schroeder DR. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST) Addictive Behaviors. 2006; 31 :716–721. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh...
we included four scales related to methods of nicotine administration other than cigarette use. The FTND for Smokeless Tobacco Users (Ebbert et al., 2006), the Severson 7-item Smokeless Tobacco Dependence Scale (Severson et al., 2003), the E-cigarette Dependence Scale (ECDS) (Morean et al....
compare the clinical and functional stages of OSMF, and though the results turned out to be non-significant (p>0.05), it also relieved that 80% of subjects were in Stage 1 of OSMF.Conclusion: The Fagerstrom test was beneficial in assessing the subjects' dependence level on smokeless tobacco...
Evaluation Of Prevalence And Incidence Of Smokeless And Smoking Form Of Tobacco With Correlation With Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Test And NRT Therapy- A Cross-Sectional SurveyAkansha BudakotiAnuridhi ChoudharyFozia SultanaPriya KaushalRuchika Naryal...