[...]to universalisation remains a persistent view on the part of many States not parties that a perceived marginal militaryutilityderived from anti-personnel mines is not outweighed by the grave humanitarian consequences of their use and that intensive efforts likely are needed, with new tools, ...
It is my expectation that these and other issues will lead to a very strangely behaving world economy in the months and years ahead. The world economy we know today is, in fact, a self-organizing systemoperating under the laws of physics. With less e...
Formally, value-at-risk describes the upper threshold of the interval of losses (–∞, zα] randomly occurring The "τ-expectile functional (0 < τ < 1) of a probability measure F with finite mean as the unique solution x = µτ to [this] equation" (Gneiting 2011, p. 756): ...
2. Value-at-Risk and Coherence In the most general terms, a “risk measure is a mapping from the set of random variables representing investment results to … real numbers” (Chen and Hu 2017, p. 1). Both value-at-risk and expected shortfall are law-invariant risk measures (Kusuoka 200...