Energy use intensity is defined as theamount of total energyconsumed by a building inone year(measured in kBtu or GJ), divided by thetotal gross floor areaof the building. The values for each measure, including lighting, power, HVAC and other loads, can be expressed in a form of c...
The intensity of this plastic localization is such that accelerated cavitation is expected to develop upstream of the crack tip to give a rupture surface with a morphology of small ductile cavities which are joined by the crack tip. This mechanism is coherent with the influence of surface energy...
This study proposes approaches to quantify battery carbon intensity and achieve zero-carbon batteries through multi-directional V2X(Vehicle-to-Everything) and battery circular economy in a community with energy paradigm shifting towards renewable and sustainability. Aoye Song , Zhaohui Dan & Yuekuan Zh...
(3) Thermo-economic indicators. These indicators measure the change in secondary energy consumption led by the energy intensity differences between the computation year and the base year. The formula is as below[1]. (4)E=At∑Sit(Ii0-Iit)Et ...
The combination of these policies could, according to our empirical analysis, lead to an increase in energy intensity with a corresponding increase in emissions. Therefore, in parallel with the empirically tested dominance of the “neutrality hypothesis” for the relationship between energy consumption ...
More importantly, hybrid systems eliminate/minimize the diesel usage and thus reduce carbon emissions. Finally, the large-scale adoption of these hybrid systems for all the telecom towers across service providers helps to reduce the carbon intensity of the telecom sector....
and intensity (Markandya et al.,2006; Solarin,2019; Szép,2016; Zhang & Broadstock,2016). The literature on convergence consists of σ-convergence, β-convergence, stochastic convergence and club convergence. Precisely, σ-convergence captures the cross-sectional equilibrium over time (viz., the...
Investments and actions to reduce the carbon intensity of fossil fuels, such as addressing methane emissions and electrifying oil and gas operations, will also be needed.The socioeconomic context has become at once more precarious and more receptive to the energy t...
The studies demonstrated that the implementation of environmental taxes and the adoption of green technology have a positive influence on both energy efficiency and intensity. Moreover, Behera and Sethi [58] delved into the relationship between China’s clean energy development and economic growth. ...
American industry consumed huge amounts of energy, and the energy intensity of the manufacturing industry was higher than that of any other sector [26,27]. The above research fully shows that the industrial sector is the main sector of energy demand in a country or region. As far as China...