One of the adaptations that enabled the ancestors of mammals and reptiles (amniotes) to live on land without the need to return to water to breed was the evolution of eggs with impermeable, hard or leathery shells that protected their developing young from desiccation. To hatch, the young mus...
the general notion is that food restriction of turkey breeders, during the growing period results in superior reproductive performance as well as a reduction in feed cost, with age of breeder, season of implementation and length of physical feed restriction having significant effects on the reproducti...
steady alternation the nest is dug. Digging stops when the female has reached a depth equal to the length of her outstretched hind limbs. Then, bracing herself on both hind limbs and with the tail centred over the nest, she drops her eggs into the hole. After she has expelled all of he...
evolutionEgghatchabilityNestpredationLundbergS.EBSCO_AspOikosLundberg, S. 1985. The importance of egg hatchability and nest predation in clutch size evolution in altricial birds. - Oikos 45: 110-117.Lundberg S (1985) The importance of egg hatchability and nest predation in clutch size evolution ...
Evolution 37:96–103 Duarte CM, Alcaraz M (1989) To produce many small or few large eggs: a size-independent reproductive tactic of fish. Oecologia 80:401–404 Elgar MA (1990) Evolutionary compromise between a few large and many small eggs: comparative evidence in teleost fish. Oikos 59:...
The volume of the eggs was calculated according to Hoyt (1979): egg volume = 0.51 × egg length × square egg width. The eggs in each group were weighed from the first day of incubation, and daily afterward, until nestlings had hatched. Egg color was quantified using a ...
The acquired mass spectrometry data were analysed with the MaxQuant proteomics data analysis workflow version 1.5.1.199. The false discovery rate (FDR) cutoff was set to 1% for protein, peptide and peptide spectrum matches. Peptides were required to have a minimum length of 7 amino acids and ...
Reciprocal altruism, a theory first proposed by Trivers1and later by Axelrod and Hamilton2explains the evolution of cooperation between genetically unrelated individuals. Trivers proposed that even though an animal that spends resources for another may incur a cost at first, once the partner reciprocat...
and blood components from different vertebrates affect this species and two others: the malaria vectorAnopheles gambiaeand arbovirus vectorCulex quinquefasciatus. In the first part of our study, we assessed feeding rates, yolk deposition, the number of eggs laid and hatch rates in these three ...
evolution of Another form of parthenogenesis is relatively common within Hymenoptera:thelytoky. In this case, thefemale doesnot mate with a male, and her unfertilized eggs are capable of embryonic development and produce only female offspring.Thelytokyis not uncommon among parasitoid groups, and ...