Thermoelectric efficiency is defined as the ratio of power delivered to the load of a device to the rate of heat flow from the source. Till date, it has been studied in presence of thermodynamic constraints set by the Onsager reciprocal relation and the second law of thermodynamics that severel...
Efficiency is generally defined as the ratio of the value of the best practice compared to that of the actual practice. The energy-saving target ratio (ESTR) index is therefore the ratio of the aggregate energy-saving target from Eq. (2) to actual energy consumption. The total adjustments in...
4.2.3Energy Efficiency Ratio Theenergy efficiency ratio(EER) is used for evaluating the efficiency of a heat pump in the cooling cycle. The EER is defined as the ratio of cooling capacity provided to electricity consumed: (4.3)EER=Coolingcapacity/Electricalenergyinput ...
As noted above, efficiency is measurable and can be expressed as aratioor percentage. You can measure it by using the following formula: Efficiency = Output ÷ Input Output (or work output) is the total amount of useful work completed without accounting for any waste and spoilage. If you wa...
The degree of efficiency of any two methods is defined as the ratio of their mean square errors in determining the true mean of a reference method. This quantity can be described by the ratio of the upper bounds for the probabilities of an error by the two methods. The degree of ...
viewpoint of RUE, which is defined as the ratio of the amount of the resource fixed or held in plants to the amount of the resource supplied to the CPPS.It is shown that the use efficiencies of water, CO2 and light energy are considerably higher in the CPPS than those in the ...
Analytical sensitivity of the assay was evaluated according to CLSI guidance documents (see online supplementary information). Statistical analysis The performance of the assay was reported by using sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity was defined as the ratio of correctly assigned positive lung cancer...
The efficiency of a power supply is the ratio of its output power divided by its input power. For instance, a fully loaded, 800-W power supply at 80% efficiency would consume 1000 W of power, with the remaining 200 W lost as heat. These power supplies have gained efficiency recently, ...
Boiler efficiencyis a measure of the goodness of the chosen process and equipment to transfer combustion heat to the heat in steam. Boiler efficiency can be defined as the ratio of the useful heat output to the total energy input. (3.1)η=QabsQin ...
External quantum efficiency(EQE) is an important factor. The EQE is defined as the ratio of the number of e--h+pairs contributing to photocurrent creation to the total number of e--h+pairs formed by absorbing incoming light. The EQE (λ) formula calculates the ratio of charge carriers coll...