The high diversity of the crenarchaeal defense mechanisms implies a reciprocally complex repertoire of counter-defense genes encoded by archaeal viruses that, in addition to the diversification of the anti-defense proteins, is likely to be subject to elaborate regulation. For example, among the 54 ...
This review summarizes the experience gained on interactions between antimicrobial agents and some reactions of the host defense system (adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, microbicidal activity of leukocytes, complement system, antibody production, cell-mediated immunity) and attempts a critical evaluation....
Given the membrane affinity and activity of most HDPs, it is believed that they irreversibly disrupt pathogenic membranes by permeabilization (pores, defects) and/or disintegration (carpets). These mechanisms have been studied in model membranes by complementary methods (dye leakage assays, ion channel...
Decreased production of IFN--y by neonatal cells appears to be due both to intrinsic capacity to produce IFN- and to regulatory mechanisms (16, 17). In addition, neonatal monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages, important target cells for IFN--y, are less active than adult cells (18, 19...
Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) interaction with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is one of at least three mechanisms for lymphocyte adhesion to culture endothelial cells J Cell Biol, 107 (1988), p. 321 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar 92 SJ Mentzer, AM Krensky, SJ Bu...
To shed some light on these re- markable proteins with dual functions, storage proteins found in germinative tissues, such as seeds and kernels, and in vegetative tissues, such as tubercles and leaves, are extensively discussed here, along with the related mechanisms of protein expression. Among...
(enemies) standing at a place. Thus a strategically designed pre-existing (structural and biochemical) defence mechanism in plants exists.The real value of this system has not been critically examined. It appears that these pre-existing defence mechanisms help plants in warding-off most of ...
Developmental Patterns of Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Human Erythrocytes MARIA JESUS RIPALDA, NATHAN RUDOLPH, AND SHING L. WONG Department ofpediatrics, SUNY Health Science Center at Brooklyn, New York, New York 11203 ABSTRACT. To obtain a profile of erythrocyte antioxidant defense potential ...
The signaling pathways governing autophagy remain to be fully delineated, but some critical points have been uncovered: (1) the starvation-initiated signaling results in the inhibition of Tor, which, by still unknown downstream mechanisms, induces autophagy; and (2) the progression of autophagy is ...
The highlighted mechanisms involving Cu are only a fraction of the roles this micronutrient contributes to plant physiology. It is important to note that although Cu is essential for plant development at high concentrations it can be toxic, leading to cellular impairments (Yruela, 2005). These ...