(2) the number of civilian fatalities, and (3) their interaction, have a negative impact on IFDI flows. Using a range of measures and analytic approaches, we examine 48 African countries from 1997 to 2021 and
Steve’s work should also remind us that thesedead citiesare not produced by air strikes alone. Once reduced to rubble they have often been disembowelled (I can think of no better word) by ground forces; it’s as though these now barely human landscapes compel or at any rate license the...