Using a stochastic Brownian motion model of trait change, we illustrate that the expected community-wide dispersion of traits varies with phylogenetic tree shape. We then use data on body mass for mammals to evaluate the accuracy with which phylogeny can predict the empirical distribution of traits...
The newly developed method represents a significant advance in biogeographic methodology by implementing a maximum likelihood statistical model that includes information from biological and abiotic factors in calculating the likelihood of bio- geographic pathways for a given phylogenetic tree and the ...
for its evolutionary persistence and traceability. According to this idea, the fact that characters can be traced as “the same” across generations and species, allowing us to mapphylogeneticrelations of homology, is explainable largely by the existence of developmental mechanisms that actively ...
Sequence data were analyzed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference, and selected morphological traits were mapped onto the molecular tree. The molecular results strongly supported monophyly of Urticeae, excluding Gyrotaenia, which is related to Elatostemateae. All genera were monophyletic except...
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in combination with novel molecular phylogenetic analyses, would allow for drawing conclusions regarding the evolution of functional and structural traits and may help in explaining the evolutionary success of the genus. Therefore, we examined in detail functional principles of traps and trapdoor movements...
(http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi). Sequences were aligned using CLUSTALW 2.037. Based on the deduced full-lengthZFAND3amino acid sequence alignments, a phylogenetic tree was constructed by the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) algorithm method embedded in the MEGA 6.0 software38. The reliability...
An unrooted majority consensus tree was computed from the sampled trees, excluding the trees sampled in the burn-in phase. The procedure was repeated for the phylogenetic data set where the Markov chain was run with separate models of sequence evolution for each data partition (GTR (general time...
on the co-evolution of traits. Typical methods for ancestral character state reconstruction of continuous characters consider the phylogeny of the underlying data and estimate the ancestral process along the branches of the tree. They usually assume a Brownian motion model of character evolution or ...
Biologists have long sought to understand the processes underlying disparities in clade size across the tree of life and the extent to which such clade size differences can be attributed to the evolution of particular traits. The association of certain character states with species-rich clades suggest...