A protective response of cells to infection, inflammation involves the coordinated communication among different immune cells through an intricate cascade of molecular signals. Learn more about theInflammatory Response Pathway Products Inflammatory Response Products ...
Geranylgeranylation signals to the Hippo pathway for breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. Oncogene 34, 3095–3106 (2015). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Aylon, Y. et al. The LATS2 tumor suppressor inhibits SREBP and suppresses hepatic cholesterol accumulation. Genes Dev. 30, 786–...
Phosphate groups can be added to multiple sites in a single protein, and a single protein may in turn be the substrate for multiple kinases and phosphatases. At any one time, a cell is receiving and responding to numerous signals, and multiple signal transduction pathways are operating in its...
are regulated by a number of cell signaling pathways. In human ESCs (hESCs), the predominant signaling pathways involved in pluripotency and self-renewal are TGF-β, which signals through Smad2/3/4, and FGFR, which activates the MAPK and Akt pathways. The Wnt pathway also promotes pl...
Guided Tour of Cell Migration: Signals and PathwaysCell migration is not an intrinsic property of the cell, but a process that is regulated by extracellular signal substances and a multitude of external factors from other tissues and organ systems wit...
andeffectthetargetcellitselfviareceptors.Sometimesautocrinecellscantargetcellsclosebyiftheyarethesametypeofcellastheemittingcell.Anexampleofthisareimmunecells.Juxtacrinesignalstargetadjacent(touching)cells.Thesesignalsaretransmittedalongcellmembranesviaproteinorlipidcomponentsintegraltothemembraneandarecapableofaffectingeither...
transmits information from chemical signals outside the cell, through the cell membrane, and into gene promoters on the DNA in the cell nucleus, which causes DNA transcription and activity in the cell. The JAK-STAT system is a major signaling alternative to the?second messenger system. The ...
Receptors are sensing components in signal transduction pathways; they may reside on the cell surface to recognize extracellular ligands or exist inside the cell to interact with phagocytosed or cell-permeable signals. 受体是细胞信号转导途径中传感组件;受体定位细胞表,识别细胞外配体或存在细胞内的信号...
Juxtacrinesignalstargetadjacent(touching)cells.Thesesignalsaretransmittedalongcellmembranesviaproteinorlipidcomponentsintegraltothemembraneandarecapableofaffectingeithertheemittingcellorcellsimmediatelyadjacent.SignalingReceptor •Acelltargetedbyaparticularchemicalsignalhasareceptorproteinthatrecognizesthesignalmolecule.•The...
CD47 promotes immune evasion by engaging signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) and sending “don’t-eat-me” inhibitory signals to macrophages and other myeloid cells [83]. Moreover, inhibition of the CD47 SIRPα axis was proved effective to suppress tumor growth in a murine model of SCLC...