Treatment of the product with 1 mM HCl (aq) was used to remove the mineralized ingredients. A CaCO3-PAA transition layer was immersed in methanol for 5 h to remove the PAA constituents. Subsequently, the substrate was rinsed with ethanol for three times. Finally, the substrate was ...
Afterward, 9 mL of HCl (1 M) was added up to pH 2.0. The obtained magnetite nanoparticles were collected using a magnet and washed with 1.0 mL of acetone (three times), and 1.0 mL of deionized water (three times). The nanoparticles were redispersed in deionized water and stored at ...