In this hot, high-energy environment, protons and electrons can’t come together to form atoms, so these loose particles zip around, freely interacting with ambient photons. The result is almost a fluid of baryonic matter and radiation. But the closer these baryoni...
NADH then feeds the oxidative phosphorylation pathway in which electrons are transferred and finally used to extrude protons and establish a proton gradient between the intermembrane space and the interior of mitochondria. This electrochemical source of energy is then harnessed bdyehtyhderFo1gFeon-Aa...
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is one of the essential components of the mitochondrial electron-transport chain (ETC) with a primary function to transfer electrons along and protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). The concomitant proton gradient across the IMM is essential for the process of...
Such a similarity tends to prove that almost all protons belonging to the C–HAp nanoparticles are involved in the DNP process. Interestingly though, after saturation, the monoexponential magnetization build-ups for OH− and the solvent (in the presence of biradicals) have time constants, TB(...
The electron transport chain (ETC) consists of four protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that sequentially transport electrons delivered by NADH (Marreiros et al., 2016). The free energy from redox reactions at complex I, III and IV is used to translocate protons across...
The binding of the substrates sodium laurate and sodium 12-bromolaurate to the heme-containing domain of Bacillus megaterium cytochrome P-450 (BM3) (CYP102) has been studied by measurement of the relaxation effects of the unpaired electrons of the heme iron on the protons of water and of the...
It is now well established that the Ca2+ pump also countertransports two to three protons and that the transport cycle is electrogenic20–23. eltVohniwaaetAnregfdncaycavob2od4ryu,edrrtiphisnvhegteohdastecopftthrirtovoahamnretysilloEAaon1tcT-iaoEoPtn2fioiSssnbcEyhuaResnACemddTAerPber(lyeFe...
Since 3-hydroxybutyrate must be protonated to pass the membrane as the undissociated free acid, it is concluded that 4 protons were ejected (and subsequently reabsorbed) per pair of electrons per energy-conserving site, in contrast to the value 2.0 postulated by the chemiosmotic hypothesis....
As a consequence, it accumulated FeMo-co-deficient apo-NifDK and was impaired in NifDK activity. We conclude that FdxN plays a role in FeMo-co biosynthesis, presumably by donating electrons to support NifB-co synthesis by NifB. This is the first role in nitrogenase biosynthesis unequivocally...