The discovery of nanobodies (Nbs) originated from a class of antibodies (Abs) found in dromedary camels, known as heavy-chain-only antibodies (HCAbs), which lack light chains and CH1 domains. Similar HCAbs have also been identified in cartilaginous fish [1]. This single-domain structure, la...
REVIEWS Applications of nanotechnology for immunology Douglas M. Smith1,2*, Jakub K. Simon3* and James R. Baker Jr1,3 Abstract | Nanotechnology uses the unique properties of objects that function as a unit within the overall size range of 1–1,000 nanometres. The engineering of ...
Drug discovery is a crucial part of human healthcare and has dramatically benefited human lifespan and life quality in recent centuries, however, it is usually time- and effort-consuming. Structural biology has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to acc
Cuproptosis differs from other forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, in its unique molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. In this review, we delve into the cellular metabolic pathways of copper, highlighting the role of copper in biomolecule synthesis, mitochondri...
of chromatin. In 2015, a global cooperative project-the “4D Nuclear Bodies Project” was launched, and the research of 3D genomics began to enter an era of rapid development. Scientists will be in a few years, or even longer, from space (3D) and time (four-dimensional) perspective study...
Anti-Mesothelin Nanobodies for Both Conventional and Nanoparticle-Based Biomedical Applications. Mesothelin, a cancer biomarker overexpressed in tumors of epithelial origin, is a target for nanotechnology-based diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic a... AM Prantner,M Turini,B Kerfelec,... - 《Journa...
Exosomes are nanosized vesicles 30–150 nm in diameter that can be secreted by any cell.17Exosomes originate from the development and maturation of MVBs, are transported to the plasma membrane space, fuse with the cell membrane and are expelled into the extracellular space (Fig.1a).18Recent...
The monodisperse gold nanoparticles have unique characteristics like their high surface area to volume ratio, ease of functionalization, and biocompatibility, which have made them a revolutionary tool in cancer therapeutics. Their consistent size and shape ensure predictable behaviour and interactions in bio...
Astaxanthin (ASX), “king of carotenoids”, is a xanthophyll carotenoid that is characterized by a distinct reddish-orange hue, procured from div
ABs mediated intercellular communication, including the transmission of biological signals and biological substances Apoptotic bodies exhibit significant research and application potential in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. The functionality of apoptotic bodies can be enhanced through drug ...