(between about 220 and 660 pounds) offruits, treebark,shrubs,grasses,herbs,seeds, and otherplantmaterial per day. To access thesaltthey need in their diets, the elephants visit salt licks andmineral-rich waterholes or consume thesoildirectly (geophagy). Some of these wet areas are forest ...
Females and males have separate dominance hierarchies. The alpha bull (or bulls) commands herd movements and enforces the same submissive behaviour from both sexes. Where conditions permit—e.g., where there are permanent water holes and grazing—some oryx bulls maintain individual territories....